Holy Name of Jesus

Reading I 1 Timothy 1:1-2, 12-14

Responsorial Psalm Psalm 16:1b-2a and 5, 7-8, 11

Alleluia See John 17:17b, 17a

Gospel Luke 6:39-42

• Readings for the Optional Memorial of the Most Holy Name of Mary

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Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Sep 11, 2025 / 18:37 pm (CNA).

Here’s a roundup of the latest Catholic education news in the United States:

Benedictine College launches AI center on Carlo Acutis’ canonization day

In response to calls by Pope Leo XIV to the rise of artificial intelligence, Benedictine College in Atchison, Kansas, launched its new Center for Technology and Human Dignity to promote Catholic digital and biomedical ethics on the same day as Carlo Acutis’ canonization on Sept. 7 in Rome. 

“We are excited to dedicate this center under the patronage of St. Carlo Acutis, a model of how Catholics should use new technology thoughtfully but without fear. And its biomedical emphasis will help as we pursue a medical school,” said Benedictine College President Stephen Minnis in a press release. 

The center will be directed by Benedictine College Professor of Theology and Bioethics Mariele Courtois, who is also a member of the Vatican Dicastery for Culture and Education’s research group on artificial intelligence.

2 Marquette University lacrosse players killed in drunk driving incident 

In a Sept. 6 Mass celebrated at the Marquette University Theatre, students, faculty, and staff mourned the loss of two lacrosse players killed in a drunk driving incident, according to reports.

Two students, Noah Snyder and Scott Michaud, were killed in the accident, which occurred when an unidentified 41-year-old woman who was driving while intoxicated struck their car. Four other students, including three lacrosse players, sustained non-life-threatening injuries. 

“When only standing room was available in the 1,000-seat facility in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Jesuit university, students, and members of the Marquette community lined the walls of the theater and watched the Mass from the lobby,” a report said. 

School to issue public apology after alleged racist incident

The parents of a student who was expelled from a Catholic school in Oregon after they confronted the administration over a racist incident that took place in March have reportedly reached an agreement with the school. 

According to local reports, the Madeleine School will issue a public apology to parents Karis Stoudamire-Phillips and her husband, Mike, who are African American, in addition to promising to rectify its actions after an incident in which their son was allegedly called the N-word on the playground. 

When the couple confronted the school, the school’s principal allegedly dismissed the incident. The principal has since been fired, and the school issued a pledge to “[maintain] an educational environment free from the scourge of racism.” 

Catholic Church in Oklahoma announces plan to open new school after SCOTUS ruling 

The Archdiocese of Oklahoma and the Diocese of Tulsa have announced plans to open a new Catholic virtual school after their plan to open the first religious charter school in the nation was blocked by a U.S. Supreme Court ruling. 

St. Carlos Acutis Academy will officially open in August 2026 as a private Catholic institution, enrolling K–8 students for its first year and adding grades each year until the school reaches K–12, the Oklahoman reported.

“We are thrilled to announce the opening of St. Carlo Acutis Classical Academy,” said the school’s head, Misty Smith.“Our mission is to bring the richness of the Catholic intellectual tradition into homes through an online format embracing classical curriculum resources that combine both synchronous and asynchronous learning.”

“St. Carlo Acutis said: ‘To be with God, that is my life project,’” she added, “and everything we at the academy do walks us closer to unity with Christ.”

Washington, D.C. Newsroom, Sep 11, 2025 / 18:17 pm (CNA).

Just a few months before he was assassinated on Sept. 10, Turning Point USA Founder Charlie Kirk — a conservative campus activist and an outspoken evangelical Christian — said that upon his death, he would want to be remembered for his Christian faith.

“If everything completely goes away, how do you want to be remembered?” Jack Selby, host of The Iced Coffee Hour, asked Kirk at the end of a June 29 interview.

“If I die?” Kirk responded.

“Everything just goes away,” Selby said. “If you could be associated with one thing, how would you want to be remembered?”

“I want to be remembered for courage for my faith,” Kirk answered. “That would be the most important thing. The most important thing is my faith.”

Kirk was murdered early Wednesday afternoon while conversing with students at Utah Valley University as part of his “The American Comeback Tour.” He had set up a tent with a banner that read “Prove Me Wrong,” urging people to approach and debate his views if they object to his political, religious, or philosophical positions.

It began similarly to Kirk’s other campus tours, with students and others lining up to ask him questions. About 3,000 people attended to either watch or debate him.

Just 20 minutes into the event, an attendee asked Kirk about transgenderism and gun violence. He and Kirk had a brief back-and-forth before someone perched on a nearby roof fired a single bullet from a bolt-action rifle, which pierced the left side of Kirk’s neck and ended his life.

One witness named Brandon Russon told CBS News that shortly before Kirk was shot, he was discussing his Christian faith with a different attendee. In that conversation, Russon recalled Kirk proclaiming to the crowd that “Christ is Lord” and the Son of God had “defeated death.”

This was a common trend in his campus activism.

Earlier this year, Kirk debated an atheist student who asked him about working with atheist conservatives. Although Kirk said he would welcome anyone who supports good causes, he cautioned that atheism cannot produce a proper moral code.

“You must be an honest atheist and acknowledge that morality is definitionally subjective without a belief in God,” he said. “That you cannot be an atheist and believe in objective morality. It is an impossibility and true atheists will acknowledge this.”

Kirk noted that atheists have “ought” claims. They suggest that things ought to be a certain way, such as that “murder ought to be wrong,” but cannot proclaim objective moral standards “if there is not a divine eternal power over you.”

“It’s a very important truth claim because when you do not have objective truth anchoring your society, then it becomes a power struggle,” Kirk warned. “If you do not have truth, then power will reign. Whoever can get the most amount of power then ends up having the most amount of say over society. We believe what is objectively right, true, good, and beautiful should be transcendent over society.”

Kirk often discussed his faith in interviews, including one with prominent atheist Bill Maher on the “Club Random” podcast this year, where Kirk explained the Christian doctrines of grace and atonement. 

“We believe [Christ] … suffering the death that he did on the cross was him atoning for our sins, the sins of humanity” Kirk told Maher. “... It is at a core a statement of human equality, that we’re all sinners, we’re all screwed up. We all got problems. We all got vices. … We all fall short of God’s standard and Jesus makes us whole.”

Throughout his career, Kirk encouraged young people to get married and start families, argued against abortion and gender ideology, and worked to inspire college students to follow Christ.

Charlie Kirk’s relationship with the Catholic Church

Although Kirk was Protestant, he often engaged in theological discussions with Catholics. His wife, Erika, is a baptized Catholic, and the couple and their two children have been seen at a Catholic church in Scottsdale, Arizona.

During a podcast this year, Kirk told a caller: “Catholics are just fabulous in so many different ways.”

“They fight for life, they fight for marriage, they fight against transgenderism,” he said.

The caller asked Kirk about Catholic Mariology, an issue where Kirk said he believes Catholics go “too far.” Yet, Kirk said he would be “happy to debate it” and that evangelicals could “do a better job of remembering, studying, talking about and pointing towards Mary because she was a vessel chosen by God Almighty that brought Our Lord into this world.”

“We as Protestants, evangelicals, under-venerate Mary,” he said. “She was very important. She was a vessel for Our Lord and Savior. I think that we … overcorrected. We don’t talk about Mary enough, we don’t venerate her enough. Mary was clearly important to early Christians. There’s something there. In fact, I believe one of the ways that we fix toxic feminism in America is: Mary is the solution.”

Kirk also spoke about the trend that “many young men are going back to church” when he was interviewed by Tucker Carlson this year. He called church a “life raft in this tsunami of chaos and disorder” and noted that many are attending Catholic Mass because “they want something that has lasted” and “they want something that is ancient and beautiful.”

Vice President JD Vance, a Catholic, posted on X that Kirk “genuinely believed in and loved Jesus Christ” and “had a profound faith.” Vance noted that Kirk was a friend, and they would often debate theological subjects.

“We used to argue about Catholicism and Protestantism and who was right about minor doctrinal questions,” he said. “Because he loved God, he wanted to understand him.”

Diocese of Winona-Rochester, Minnesota, Bishop Robert Barron posted on X that he had breakfast with Kirk about four years ago and discussed theology. Kirk was scheduled to appear on his show “Bishop Barron Presents” in less than two weeks.

“He was indeed a great debater and also one of the best advocates in our country for civil discourse, but he was, first and last, a passionate Christian,” Barron said. 

“In fact, when we had that breakfast in Phoenix, we didn’t talk much about politics,” Barron said. “We talked about theology, in which he had a deep interest, and about Christ. I know I’m joining millions of people around the world in praying that he rests now in the peace of the Lord.”

Kirk also joined in grieving for the victims of the Annunciation Catholic Church shooting last month in Minneapolis. On his show, he discussed how one can believe in God even amid tragedy.

“The cross is God’s answer to evil,” Kirk said. “... The question should not be ‘why does evil exist?’ Instead, it should be ‘what has God done about it?’ And the cross is the answer.”

ACI Prensa Staff, Sep 11, 2025 / 17:57 pm (CNA).

In response to Tuesday’s airstrike by the Israeli air force against the Hamas leadership in Doha, the capital of Qatar, the auxiliary bishop of the Patriarchal Diocese of Jerusalem of the Latins for Jordan, Iyad Twal, advocated for a two-state solution to achieve peace in the Middle East.

Twal’s proposal aligns with what the Vatican’s Dicastery for Communication called for in late July in an editorial by its director, Andrea Tornielli, who advocated for the recognition of a Palestinian state amid the conflict between Israel and Hamas.

“The alternative would be to build a state like in South Africa, that is, an apartheid state. But the land is very small. Either we live together, or there is no real solution,” Twal said, pointing out that the two-state solution, “as indicated in the 1970s with U.N. resolutions,” is the only way to live in peace.

However, the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, Cardinal Pierbattista Pizzaballa, stated in October 2024 that the two-state solution is “unrealistic” for ending the war.

“My impression is that no one wants a wider conflict, but no one is able to stop it,” he said.

“Everything is possible, both positively and negatively. Now you need something new, creative, I don’t know what, but all the previous agreements, ideas, the prospective two-state solution; everything is not realistic now,” the cardinal said at the time.

The Israeli airstrike in Doha

In Rome for a formation course for new bishops, the auxiliary bishop told the pontifical news agency Fides that what happened in Doha is “bad news.”

“Wars in the history of humanity are a tremendous evil, and we don’t learn. Every day we try to find hope, but unfortunately, events contradict us,” Twal said.

He also noted that the airstrike could sabotage efforts to find “a solution to the conflict” and is “a violation of international law.”

“The entire world must understand that there is no justice for all in the Middle East and that we cannot continue living like this,” he said.

Twal noted that Pizzaballa has also pointed out that the violence in the region is driven by Satan’s desire to rule where Jesus lived, although he added that Middle Eastern Christians believe “in justice and in God’s love for all of us. This gives us hope every day, despite the harsh reality we live in.”

“We continue to pray and trust in the possibility of living together. I regret that this is happening while I am far from my people, in Rome, but I feel the support of the other bishops, our brothers in the faith. Here you can breathe the spirit of the Catholic Church, which is truly universal … they pray with us for peace,” he added.

The prelate also noted that religion in the Middle East “can be an element of peace, but also of war.” The region’s religions, according to Twal, “are part of the problem and the solution.”

“The challenge begins with the concept of the state: We have not yet managed to separate state and religion as in Europe. But how can we live our religious differences from the perspective of citizenship, rights, and justice if we continue to say, ‘My God is the only true one and gives me every justification for my actions?’” he said.

“That is fanatical thinking. Instead, faith, and I say this as a bishop, calls me to live justice for all, respecting human dignity,” he added.

The Church in Jordan

Faced with the regional conflict, Twal said young Jordanians live “with profound pain” and insistently ask themselves: “Where is God?” 

“It is an existential question that is also a temptation, but at the same time it is an opportunity to come closer to peace,” he continued. “We must ask ourselves: I, a young person, I am not a ruler, how can I make peace live in my heart, even before it becomes a reality among the nations?” 

Twal reiterated that Christians in the Middle East “are called to live peace personally, to be witnesses of it in society. In Jordan, thank God, the Catholic Church is committed to this not only internally but also with our Muslim brothers and sisters living in the country.”

The bishop described Jordan as “an oasis of peace, where we live in dialogue with everyone: from the king to the least of us, everyone tries to help.”

“We have supported our Christian brothers and sisters in Gaza, the West Bank, and Palestine. The more we are disappointed by armed conflicts, the more we are committed to helping those who suffer,” he emphasized.

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

CNA Staff, Sep 11, 2025 / 17:27 pm (CNA).

After two children died and more than 20 people were injured by a transgender-identifying man in Minneapolis in August, Catholic schools around the country have been evaluating their security measures, with some hiring security guards and others allowing teachers and staff to be armed.

The Diocese of Buffalo this week announced it has hired armed security guards for the 29 Catholic elementary schools in its jurisdiction and has also engaged a “security consultant” to help create “comprehensive safety plans tailored to each school community.”

Catholic schools superintendent Joleen Dimitroff sent a letter to parents informing them of the decisions, which she said are “a reflection of our shared belief that the safety of our children is priceless and must be protected with the highest level of care.”

Parents’ reactions have been mixed. Marc Bruno, a longtime Buffalo public school teacher, called the move “a necessary step.”

“No one wants to see guns in the schools,” he told local ABC news station WKBW. However, he continued, “if you look at some of the previous shootings, principals have thrown their bodies at the gunman, and you know, our bodies don’t stand a chance against a bullet.”

One mother opposed the move, saying having armed security guards will put “children’s lives in danger.” She said she will not continue sending her child to school with armed guards present, emphasizing that her child “isn’t allowed to have peanut butter in his classroom to protect kids, but you want a stranger strolling the halls with a gun?”

Arming teachers

A less-talked-about solution among Catholic schools is the practice of arming school staff, including teachers. 

In Ohio, nearly 100 public school districts — and even some private Christian schools — have anonymous armed staff this year, up from 67 the year before, according to a roster released by the Ohio Department of Public Safety.

Hametown Christian Academy, a private school in Norton, Ohio, allows armed staff. 

Associate pastor and head of school safety at the school Rick Wright told the Akron Beacon Journal on Aug. 25 that the school board decided it was “prudent to arm teachers and staff members” due to the increase in school shootings in recent years. 

“A gun is not evil,” Wright said. “It is a tool, and the fact that some of our staff may be armed is a deterrent.”

The names and numbers of teachers and other school staff carrying guns are not publicly available, nor are the total number of armed staff in each district. All armed staff are trained to use their weapons, according to Wright.

Schools post signs alerting visitors of the gun policy, hoping the knowledge that staff are armed will serve as “a deterrent,” Wright said.

If you “put up a no gun zone sign,” Wright said, “you’re telling somebody you can come in here and shoot all you want.” 

“It works the opposite (of the intent); you’ve made yourself a soft target,” he said.

An independent Catholic school in the South that wishes to remain unnamed told CNA that after extensive discussion about campus security, administrators arrived at an “informal” security policy that involves armed staff.

“We’re pretty sure some of the teachers have guns in their cars,” an administrator told CNA. 

When asked whether teachers were also carrying concealed weapons, the administrator said he does not know, and the school has “never said yes or no” to the practice.

Because of the “high quality of the teachers” at the school, the administrator said the leadership “came to the conclusion that the teachers would go after a guy with a gun rather than run away.” The school would “call the police and then the teachers with weapons would use … deadly force” if necessary to protect students. 

“We’re willing to bet that would be a sufficient response,” he said.

Funding for security measures

Funding for the new security measures in the Buffalo Diocese for the 2025-2026 school year has been provided by the Foundation for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, according to Dimitroff. Tuition will increase in subsequent years to cover the cost, which might also be covered by public funding.

James Cultrara, the director for education for the New York State Catholic Conference, told CNA after the 2012 school shooting in Sandy Hook, Connecticut, that New York state lawmakers had instituted two funding streams to address school security: one for public schools and one for private schools. 

The private school funding program has expanded tenfold, from $7 million initially to more than $70 million. Schools can use the funds to address anything related to “health, safety, and security.” Environmental hazard mitigation as well as security cameras, security guards, and remote door locks are covered by the funding, Cultrara said.

The Minnesota Catholic Conference released a statement on Sept. 5 saying it “welcomes a broader legislative discussion about preventing gun violence” and asking the state Legislature to address security funding disparities between public and private schools.

Jason Adkins, executive director of the Minnesota Catholic Conference, noted that while the Catholic Church in Minnesota “has long supported commonsense gun regulations, such as protective orders and expanded background checks,” neither of those measures prevented “the Annunciation tragedy.”

Adkins noted that while “Americans have a right to possess firearms,” that right comes with responsibilities, including that of public officials to address the “deeper causes of violence — mental health struggles, family breakdown, and a growing despair often worsened by harmful ideologies, substance abuse, and the effects of the absence of God in people’s lives.”

Adkins urged the Legislature to reconsider recently-enacted laws that loosen restrictions on THC (a cannabis plant derivative) and “the widely debated treatment of young people experiencing gender dysphoria.”

A controversial Minnesota law prohibits mental health counselors from practicing so-called conversion therapy on LGBT youth, which in practice means that therapists who want to help people who do not want to embrace a LGBT identity are fearful of doing so, according to Christian therapist Dr. David Kirby, who testified against the legislation before it passed.

ACI Prensa Staff, Sep 11, 2025 / 16:57 pm (CNA).

Every September, the new bishops of the Catholic Church gather in Rome to participate in a formation course, an initiative that, since its inception in 1994, has become a genuine tradition.

During these sessions, the prelates receive from the Dicastery for Evangelization and the Dicastery for Bishops guidance and tools to carry out with greater clarity and responsibility the mission entrusted to them by the Church, through conferences, discussions, and various working groups.

A total of 192 bishops from around the world gathered on Sept. 4 to participate in these sessions, which concluded Sept. 11, when the prelates were received by Pope Leo XIV at the Vatican.

Dominican Xabier Gómez García, bishop of San Feliú de Llobregat in Spain since October 2024, is one of the prelates participating in this year’s course. Having been a bishop for only 10 months, from Rome he explained to ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner, that during this time he has become aware “of what this service means.”

A time of hope and missionary conversion

He noted that the new bishops were appointed in the context of the jubilee year and at the end of the synodal process, so their service “is marked by a time of hope and missionary conversion, in a Church that journeys alongside its people.”

He explained that this year’s course offers tools to “become witnesses and heralds of hope founded in Christ” and sees it as an opportunity to “deepen our understanding of catholicity, live together, pray, celebrate together, share a meal, and learn firsthand about the experiences of the Church spread throughout the world and in so many and diverse dioceses.”

Gómez, who was also prior of St. Thomas Aquinas–El Olivar Convent in Madrid, expressed his gratitude for having been able to share time with bishops representing the five continents, who have come from places such as Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Russia, Poland, Burkina Faso, Algeria, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Colombia, France, Poland, Portugal, and the United States.

Among the presentations given during the course, what most caught the Spanish prelate’s attention was the “‘Decalogue of Hope for a Bishop in the Jubilee Year,’ which was the first introduction to the course.”

He explained that in general, all the presentations were in some way “tied together by the unifying theme of hope and have also helped us deepen this sense of communion and what communion means in the service of the people of God.”

The presentations also noted the importance of being “a Church that goes forth as a servant of the Gospel in the midst of the world.” Ultimately, the bishop explained, “we learn to listen with a heart that resembles Christ’s.”

“We must nurture our relationship with God and with our fellow bishops, with our collaborators the priests, and with the people of God in general. We are called to be instruments of communion and also signs of hope,” he added.

Abuse prevention

During the formation sessions, they also tackled the issue of abuse prevention within the Church.

“It must be recognized that mistakes may have been made in caring for victims and also in the lack of prevention. We also reflected on the support provided to individuals and the great efforts the Church has made to put the abused person at the center were emphasized.” 

A bishop you must “make that pain your top concern, empathize with it, and always seek truth, justice, and comprehensive reparation for the good of these people who have been hurt, and for the community, and to do so with a certain sense of the call to conversion, so that this itself may become a sign of light and hope,” he added.

Gómez, who before assuming his position as bishop was director of the migration department at the Spanish Bishops’ Conference, explained that another topic addressed was migration and its challenges “in order to work on the reception, protection, advancement, and integration of migrants” and to be able to make a faithful reading of this reality.

“We also,” the bishop continued, “asked ourselves what young people need from the Church and what God wants to tell us through them.”

What should a bishop be like?

According to the Spanish prelate, a bishop must “be close to the people, have a passion for God and also a missionary spirit. I believe it is also important to cultivate, as a spiritual attitude, humility, simplicity, allowing oneself to be accompanied, and also great trust in providence and in the Spirit, who guides his people.”

After expressing his “excitement” for finally meeting with the Holy Father, he also emphasized the need to share “humbly and simply” what they experienced in Rome and to continue to deepen [our understanding] “when we return to our dioceses, with our people, in the service of our people.”

Cardinals’ presentations

During this period of formation, there were two courses available for the new bishops: “Opening a Door to Hope: Calls to the Episcopate in a Jubilee Context,” given by the Dicastery for Evangelization, which took place at the Pontifical College of St. Peter, and a course by the Dicastery for Bishops, given at the Pontifical College of St. Paul. On Sept. 8–9, the participants of both courses met at the Pontifical Urbaniana University and shared a time of fellowship.

Among the speakers were Cardinal Jean-Marc Aveline, Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle — who made it clear that bishops are “stewards” and not “lords” of God’s flock — and Cardinal Christoph Schönborn, who emphasized the importance of the bishop being close to seminarians and priests, who “must feel that the bishop appreciates, esteems, and loves them.”

This story was first published by ACI Prensa, CNA’s Spanish-language news partner. It has been translated and adapted by CNA.

Reading 1 Colossians 3:12-17

Responsorial Psalm Psalm 150:1b-2, 3-4, 5-6

Alleluia 1 John 4:12

Gospel Luke 6:27-38

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Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Reading 1 Colossians 3:1-11

Responsorial Psalm Psalm 145:2-3, 10-11, 12-13ab

Alleluia Luke 6:23ab

Gospel Luke 6:20-26

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Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

• Readings for the Memorial of Saint Peter Claver, Priest [In the Dioceses of the United States]

Reading 1 Colossians 2:6-15

Responsorial Psalm Psalm 145:1b-2, 8-9, 10-11

Alleluia See John 15:16

Gospel Luke 6:12-19

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Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.

Reading 1 Micah 5:1-4a

or Romans 8:28-30

Responsorial Psalm Psalm 13:6ab, 6c

Alleluia

Gospel Matthew 1:1-16, 18-23

or Matthew 1:18-23

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Lectionary for Mass for Use in the Dioceses of the United States, second typical edition, Copyright © 2001, 1998, 1997, 1986, 1970 Confraternity of Christian Doctrine; Psalm refrain © 1968, 1981, 1997, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Neither this work nor any part of it may be reproduced, distributed, performed or displayed in any medium, including electronic or digital, without permission in writing from the copyright owner.